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- In British history, the struggle in the
- middle years of the 17th century between the
- king and the Royalists (Cavaliers) on one
- side, and the
- Parliamentarians (also called Roundheads) on
- the other. The Parliamentarians under
- Cromwell dealt a series of defeats to
- Charles, executing him 1649, and Cromwell
- made himself Protector (ruler) until the
- Restoration of the monarchy 1660. chronology
- 1642 On 22 Aug Charles I raised his standard
- at Nottingham. The Battle of Edgehill on 23
- Oct was indecisive. 1644 The Battle of
- Marston Moor on 2 July was a victory for the
- Parliamentarians under Cromwell. 1645 The
- Battle of Naseby on 14 June was a decisive
- victory for Cromwell. 1646 On 5 May 1646
- Charles surrendered to the Scottish army.
- 1648 A Royalist and Presbyterian rising from
- Mar to Aug was soon crushed by Cromwell and
- his New Model Army. 1649 Charles was beheaded
- on 30 Jan.
-